Kahoot Ap Psychology Unit 10 Review Abnormal Psychology

Chapter 12: Abnormal Psychology

1. Overview
   1. Aberrant Psychology
      1. The report of people who endure from psychological disorders
2. ​​Defining Aberration
   1. ​Common Characteristics
      1. ​Harmful/disturbing to the individual
      2. Agonizing to others
      3. Not shared past many members of the population
      4. Does not make sense to the average person
   2. ​Insanity
      1. ​A legal term
         1. ​purpose
            1. to differentiate between people who tin be held responsible for their crimes (the sane) and those with psychological disorders (the insane)
   3. ​​​Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
      1. ​Provides a way for psychologists to diagnose patients
      2. Contains symptoms of all psychological disorders
      3. Doesn't incorporate causes because unlike perspectives disagree
         1. ​most psychologists are eclectic
            1. ​accept/use ideas from many perspectives
3. Categories of Disorders
   1. ​Intern'south Syndrome
      1. The tendency to see in oneself the characteristics of disorders about which i is learning
      2. Not a psychological disorder
   2. ​Anxiety Disorders
      1. ​Phobias
         1. ​contact with feared object/state of affairs results in anxiety
         2. specific phobia
            1. ​an intense fear of an unwanted state of affairs
            2. ex.   agoraphobia- open up spaces
            3. arachnophobia- spiders
            4. social phobia- public embarrassment
      2. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
         1. ​constant, low level anxiety
      3. ​Panic disorder
         1. ​astute episodes of intense feet without any apparent provocation
         2. increase in frequency
         3. boosted anxiety due to anticipating the feet attacks
      4. ​Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
         1. persistent, unwanted thoughts cause you to feel the demand to engage in a item activity
      5. ​Post-traumatic stress disorder
         1. flashbacks/nightmares post-obit your interest in or observation of an extremely troubling upshot
      6. ​​​Theoretical causes
         1. ​psychoanalytic
            1. unresolved, unconscious conflicts betwixt the id, ego, and superego
         2. ​behaviorist
            1. ​conditioning
            2. cognitive learning
         3. ​cognitive
            1. ​dysfunctional ways of thinking
   3. ​​​Somatoform Disorders
      1. ​A person manifests a psychological trouble through a physiological problem
      2. Hypochondriasis
         1. ​frequent physical complaints for which doctors tin can't locate the cause
         2. may believe that pocket-size problems are indicative of severe physical                                               illness
      3. ​​​Conversion
         1. ​severe physical issue with no biological reason
            1. ​paralysis
            2. incomprehension
   4. ​​​Dissociative Disorders
      1. ​Involve a disruption in conscious processes
      2. Psychogenic amnesia
         1. ​tin't call back things
         2. no biological basis can be identified
         3. fugue
            1. ​find themselves in an unfamiliar environment
      3. ​​Organic amnesia
         1. ​biologically induced
      4. ​Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
         1. ​formerly chosen multiple personality disorder
         2. several distinct personalities
         3. results from childhood trauma
      5. ​Theoretical causes
         1. ​psychoanalytic
            1. traumatic events accept been so repressed that a split up in consciousness results
   5. ​​​Mood or Affective Disorders
      1. ​Farthermost/inappropriate emotions
      2. Major depression
         1. ​virtually common
         2. symptoms
            1. ​sad more 2 weeks without clear reason
            2. change in sleep and appetite
            3. worthlessness
            4. lack of involvement in enjoyed activities
         3. ​Seasonal Affective Disorder
            1. ​depression just at certain times of year
      3. ​​Bipolar disorder
         1. ​manic episodes
            1. ​high energy
            2. feel confident and powerful
            3. sense of well-being
         2. ​depressed episodes
      4. ​​​Theoretical causes
         1. ​Aaron Beck
            1. ​cognitive theorist
            2. unreasonably negative ideas people have about the cognitive triad (yourself, your earth, your future)
         2. pessimistic attributional styles
            1. ​attribution- an explanation of a cause
            2. internal, global, and stable attributions for bad events
         3. ​learned helplessness
            1. ​Martin Seligman- dog shock experiment
            2. when your prior experiences have caused you to view yourself as unable to command controllable aspects of the future
         4. biology
            1. ​the disorders run in families
            2. low- low serotonin or norepinephrine
            3. bipolar- more acetylcholine receptors
   6. Schizophrenic Disorders
      1. ​Schizophrenia
         1. ​disordered, distorted thinking
         2. delusions and hallucinations
            1. mirage- belief that has no basis in reality
         3. ​mutual delusions
            1. ​persecution- paranoia
            2. grandeur- power and influence
         4. ​hallucinations
            1. ​perceptions in the absence of sensory stimulation
      2. ​​Disorganized schizophrenia
         1. ​make upwards neologisms
            1. ​their own words
         2. string together a series of nonsense words that rhyme (clang associations)
         3. inappropriate affect
            1. inappropriate emotions for the state of affairs
         4. ​​​flat affect
            1. ​no emotional response
      3. ​​​​Paranoid schizophrenia
         1. ​delusions of persecution
      4. ​Catatonic schizophrenia
         1. ​motionless in foreign postures
            1. waxy flexibility- they will allow their body to be moved into any new pose and will hold information technology
         2. ​move jerkily and quickly for no apparent reason
         3. can alternating between them
      5. ​Undifferentiated schizophrenia
         1. ​distorted thinking, simply no other symptoms
      6. ​Symptoms
         1. ​positive symptoms
            1. ​​​excesses in behavior, thought, or mood
            2. ex: neologisms, hallucinations
         2. ​negative symptoms
            1. ​deficits
            2. ex. apartment consequence, catatonia
   7. ​​​Schizophrenic Disorders: Theoretical Causes
      1. ​Dopamine hypothesis
         1. ​high levels of dopamine are associated with schizophrenia
         2. if the drugs lower the level as well much, tardive dyskinesia results
            1. ​muscle tremors and stiffness
      2. ​​Abnormality on 5^th chromosome
      3. ​​Enlarged brain ventricles
      4. Brain asymmetry
      5. Negative symptoms- genetic factors
      6. Positive symptoms- as well much dopamine
      7. Double binds
         1. ​when a person is given contradictory messages
      8. ​Diathesis-stress model
         1. environmental stressors tin provide the circumstances under which a biological predisposition for disease can express itself
   8. ​​Personality Disorders
      1. ​Less serious
      2. Types
         1. ​hating
            1. ​don't have regard for other'southward feelings
            2. view the world equally a hostile place
         2. ​dependent
         3. paranoid
         4. egotistic
         5. histrionic
         6. obsessive-compulsive
   9. ​​​​Other Disorders
      1. ​Paraphilias (psychosexual disorders)
         1. ​sexual attraction to that which is not unremarkably seen as sexual
         2. pedophilia, zoophilia, fetishism, masochism, sadism
         3. voyeur
            1. ​aroused by watching others engage in sexual behavior
      2. ​​Eating disorders
      3. ​​Addiction disorders
         1. ​use of booze/drugs
         2. substance utilise disorder
            1. ​use of such substances regularly affecting your life negatively
         3. ​substance dependence
            1. ​habit
      4. ​​Developmental disorders
         1. ​autism
            1. ​seek less social and emotional contact
            2. irksome to develop language skills
            3. seek less parental back up when distressed
      5. ​​ADHD
         1. ​attending deficit/hyperactivity disorder
         2. difficulty paying attending or sitting still
         3. overdiagnosed because of typical male child beliefs
4. The Rosehan Study: The Influence of Labels
   1. ​David Rosehan
      1. ​1978- he and associates sought admission to mental hospitals
         1. ​claimed to hear voices
         2. reported no other symptoms
         3. one time admitted, behaved as they usually did
         4. their every behavior was interpreted as a sign of their schizophrenia
   2. ​​Issues Raised
      1. ​Should patients carry their diagnosis for life?
      2. Are disorders the product of a particular environment?
      3. What level of intendance could undetected imposters receive?

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Aboukhadijeh, Feross. "Chapter 12: Abnormal Psychology" StudyNotes.org. Written report Notes, LLC., 12 October. 2013. Web. 20 April. 2022. <https://www.apstudynotes.org/psychology/outlines/chapter-12-aberrant-psychology/>.

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